Resumen: Los Agaves son nativos de América y tienen diferentes usos, entre los que destacan la obtención de fibras y elaboración de bebidas alcohólicas; esto ha ocasionado una considerable disminución en las poblaciones silvestres; por lo que, el objetivo fue caracterizar morfológicamente cápsulas y semillas, y evaluar el desarrollo de la plántula de maguey sacatoro (Agave angustifolia Haw.) colectadas en diferentes sitios del centro y norte del estado de Guerrero, México, para su propagación por semilla. Para el análisis morfométrico se empleó un diseño de un solo factor (Localidad) y para las variables de calidad de semilla, un análisis bifactorial (localidad y tiempo de inmersión). Los resultados obtenidos se sometieron a análisis de varianza y pruebas de medias (Tukey, p ≤ 0.05). Se tomaron peso, altura y ancho de las cápsulas y semillas. Se realizó la prueba de germinación estándar y la viabilidad con la prueba del tetrazolio. Posteriormente, se evaluó el desarrollo de plántula; en tres tiempos de inmersión en agua (0, 24 y 48 h) y se realizaron mediciones en raíz, hoja y tallo. Motuapa presentó cápsulas con mayor número de semillas y semillas normales (241 y 140, respectivamente). Las cápsulas de mayor longitud la presentaron Atetetla, Motuapa y los Amates (5.37 ± 0.50, 5.10 ± 0.40 y 4.97 ± 0.36 cm, respectivamente), Ateteta tuvo mayor ancho de cápsula (2.63 ± 0.05 cm), germinación (95%) y viabilidad (89.4%). Por lo que, La producción de plántula de A. sacatoro, mediante el uso de semillas puede ser una alternativa viable.

Abstract: Agaves are native to America and have different uses, among which the obtaining of fibers and the elaboration of alcoholic beverages stand out; This has caused a considerable decline in wild populations; Therefore, the objective was to morphologically characterize capsules and seeds, and evaluate the development of the maguey sacatoro (Agave angustifolia Haw.) seedling collected in different sites in the center and north of the state of Guerrero, Mexico, for their propagation by seed. For the morphometric analysis a single factor design (Locality) was used and for the seed quality variables, a bifactorial analysis (locality and immersion time). The results obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and tests of means (Tukey, p ≤ 0.05). Weight, height and width of the capsules and seeds were taken. The standard germination test and viability were performed with the tetrazolium test. Subsequently, the seedling development was evaluated; in three times of immersion in water (0, 24 and 48 h) and measurements were made in root, leaf and stem. Motuapa presented capsules with a higher number of seeds and normal seeds (241 and 140, respectively). The longest capsules were presented by Atetetla, Motuapa and Los Amates (5.37 ± 0.50, 5.10 ± 0.40 and 4.97 ± 0.36 cm, respectively), Ateteta had greater capsule width (2.63 ± 0.05 cm), germination (95%) and viability (89.4%). Therefore, the production of A. sacatoro seedling, through the use of seeds, can be a viable alternative.

Abstract Corn (Zea mays) is the most consumed cereal in México, so it is necessary to know the nutritional and anatomical quality of the grains, which have been the main conservation and consumption criteria of the prehispanic peoples. This practice has allowed to preserve varieties of Creole corn, however, due to the lack of knowledge of these characteristics the cultivation of these maize has been reduced, presenting a high risk of disappearing. The objective was to determine the physical, nutritive and functional quality of four varieties of creole corn: Purple-Olotillo, Dos-Puntas, Toro and Olotillo. Toro presented the highest values of width and thickness (10.79 and 7.71 mm). The Toro showed better values of Endosperm and Pericarp (84.25% and 4.01%), Dos-Puntas and Olotillo showed higher values of Germ (10.75%) and Pericarp (6.2%), respectively. The Toro had a higher content of Carbohydrates and Proteins (74.47 and 10.61%). In WSI, the best value was obtained by Dos-Puntas (11.91%) and WAI the Olotillo (245.56 g H2O/g sample). It is concluded that the Toro has better nutritional content and larger and weight grains, while the Olotillo presented the highest values of WAI, it can confer better technological properties for food processing.

Abstract Corn (Zea mays L.) is the most consumed cereal in México and Latin America, it is important to know the physical quality of the cob and grain to obtain data that serve as a basis for the selection of the best varieties and with it contribute to the conservation and improvement of local varieties, which since the introduction of improved seeds have been at risk of disappearance due to their low yield and poor use. In the spring-summer cycle of 2018, in the town of Cruz Grande municipality of Florencio Villarreal, Guerrero. An experiment was established under a completely randomized block design. The objective was to determine the physical quality of grains and cobs of two genotypes of pigmented corn (red and yellow) belonging to the Dos Puntas variety. The quality of the cob and seed anatomy was evaluated. The results showed that there were no statistical differences between varieties; the grain with the best endosperm is yellow (80.82%) and germ is purple (11.61%); as well as, the yellow variety has a larger grain size (length 10.09 and width 4.31 mm). It is concluded that the corn with the best characteristics for sale as whole grain and use in the dough and tortilla industry, is yellow, and purple for oil extraction.

Resumen El maíz (Zea mays L.) es el cereal de más consumo en México y Latinoamérica, es importante conocer la calidad física de la mazorca y de grano a fin de obtener datos que sirvan como base para la selección de las mejores variedades y con ello contribuir a la conservación y mejora de variedades locales, que desde la introducción de semillas mejoradas se han visto en riesgo de desaparición por su bajo rendimiento y poco aprovechamiento. En el ciclo primavera-verano de 2018, en la localidad de Cruz Grande municipio de Florencio Villarreal, Guerrero. se estableció un experimento bajo un diseño en bloques completamente al azar. El objetivo fue determinar la calidad física de granos y mazorcas de dos genotipos de maíz pigmentado (rojo y amarillo) perteneciente a la variedad Dos Puntas. Se evaluó la calidad de la mazorca y anatomía de semillas. Los resultados mostraron que no hubo diferencias estadísticas entre variedades, el grano con mejor endospermo es el amarillo (80.82%) y germen es el morado (11.61%) así como, la variedad amarilla presenta un mayor tamaño de grano (largo 10.09 y ancho 4.31 mm). Se concluye que el maíz con las mejores características para venta como grano entero y para la utilización en la industria de la masa y tortilla, es el amarillo y el morado para extracción de aceite.